Verse 2: Why Opposites Exist
天下皆知美之為美,斯惡已;
When everyone recognises beauty as beauty, ugliness follows
皆知善之為善,斯不善已。
When everyone recognises good as good, evil follows
故有無相生,
Hence, having and not having are born from each other
難易相成,
Difficult and easy complete each other
長短相形,
Long and short take form from each other
高下相傾,
High and low throw out into each other
音聲相和,
Note and sound harmonize each other
前後相隨。
Before and after follow each other
是以聖人處無為之事,行不言之教。
Thus the sage focuses on non-action endeavors, practises non-speaking instructions.
萬物作焉而不辭。
No matter what the 10,000 things behave as, (it) does not leave.
生而不有,為而不恃,
(It) creates without possessing, acts without relying
功成而弗居。
Work is finished but (it) does not stay.
夫唯弗居,是以不去。
By not staying, his influence does not leave.
Comments
First, the verse talks about how opposites always define each other. Thus, the sage practises non-action.
Then it get confusing. There is a missing noun here, which I have marked by (it). Perhaps the writer talks about an invisible force here, and shows how that force can act as a model for human behavior.
When everyone recognises beauty as beauty, ugliness follows
皆知善之為善,斯不善已。
When everyone recognises good as good, evil follows
故有無相生,
Hence, having and not having are born from each other
難易相成,
Difficult and easy complete each other
長短相形,
Long and short take form from each other
高下相傾,
High and low throw out into each other
音聲相和,
Note and sound harmonize each other
前後相隨。
Before and after follow each other
是以聖人處無為之事,行不言之教。
Thus the sage focuses on non-action endeavors, practises non-speaking instructions.
萬物作焉而不辭。
No matter what the 10,000 things behave as, (it) does not leave.
生而不有,為而不恃,
(It) creates without possessing, acts without relying
功成而弗居。
Work is finished but (it) does not stay.
夫唯弗居,是以不去。
By not staying, his influence does not leave.
Comments
First, the verse talks about how opposites always define each other. Thus, the sage practises non-action.
Then it get confusing. There is a missing noun here, which I have marked by (it). Perhaps the writer talks about an invisible force here, and shows how that force can act as a model for human behavior.

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